Beds and mattresses are heavy and bulky, and sales are traditionally based on a tactile experience that consumers have with products in physical stores. Holding inventory is expensive and risky, and shipping is a nightmare. Sure, people are willing to shop online for almost everything these days – but when up to 40% of life is spent lying on a bed, isn’t that a product that should be tested out before a purchase decision is made?
Strange Bedfellows
Despite the conventional wisdom to the contrary, the $15 billion mattress industry has seen the entrance of several ambitious startup companies, and they are starting to put a dent in market share. Today’s infographic from Online Mattress Review tells the story of how disruption is occurring in this unlikely space – and it all starts with big changes to the business model to make online mattress sales more palatable for both the company and the consumers.
An Updated Model
Here are a few key ways online mattress companies, like Casper or Purple, have changed up their value proposition to customers to make life easier for themselves: Money-back guarantee By offering a money-back guarantee of up to 100 days, online mattress companies give customers plenty of time to test their product. This reduces the chance of buyer’s remorse. Going all-in on memory foam Memory foam, as well as other mattress types that can be compressed down in size, allow for fast and easy shipping. Consumers can take a box the size of a filing cabinet and easily navigate it around corners and doorframes in a household setting. Fun, relationship-based marketing To appeal to the millennial market, Casper has taken on some quirky initiatives, such as creating Insomniabot-3000 (a chatbot for people who can’t sleep), and a Labor Day Mattress “Sail” boat cruise.
Comfortable Growth
In 2016, the market share for online mattress sales was 5%, and it’s expected that the number for 2017 could be at least double that. While tech startups and the sleep industry may seem like strange bedfellows at first, it’s clear that consumers are embracing the chance to get in bed with the idea. on But fast forward to the end of last week, and SVB was shuttered by regulators after a panic-induced bank run. So, how exactly did this happen? We dig in below.
Road to a Bank Run
SVB and its customers generally thrived during the low interest rate era, but as rates rose, SVB found itself more exposed to risk than a typical bank. Even so, at the end of 2022, the bank’s balance sheet showed no cause for alarm.
As well, the bank was viewed positively in a number of places. Most Wall Street analyst ratings were overwhelmingly positive on the bank’s stock, and Forbes had just added the bank to its Financial All-Stars list. Outward signs of trouble emerged on Wednesday, March 8th, when SVB surprised investors with news that the bank needed to raise more than $2 billion to shore up its balance sheet. The reaction from prominent venture capitalists was not positive, with Coatue Management, Union Square Ventures, and Peter Thiel’s Founders Fund moving to limit exposure to the 40-year-old bank. The influence of these firms is believed to have added fuel to the fire, and a bank run ensued. Also influencing decision making was the fact that SVB had the highest percentage of uninsured domestic deposits of all big banks. These totaled nearly $152 billion, or about 97% of all deposits. By the end of the day, customers had tried to withdraw $42 billion in deposits.
What Triggered the SVB Collapse?
While the collapse of SVB took place over the course of 44 hours, its roots trace back to the early pandemic years. In 2021, U.S. venture capital-backed companies raised a record $330 billion—double the amount seen in 2020. At the time, interest rates were at rock-bottom levels to help buoy the economy. Matt Levine sums up the situation well: “When interest rates are low everywhere, a dollar in 20 years is about as good as a dollar today, so a startup whose business model is “we will lose money for a decade building artificial intelligence, and then rake in lots of money in the far future” sounds pretty good. When interest rates are higher, a dollar today is better than a dollar tomorrow, so investors want cash flows. When interest rates were low for a long time, and suddenly become high, all the money that was rushing to your customers is suddenly cut off.” Source: Pitchbook Why is this important? During this time, SVB received billions of dollars from these venture-backed clients. In one year alone, their deposits increased 100%. They took these funds and invested them in longer-term bonds. As a result, this created a dangerous trap as the company expected rates would remain low. During this time, SVB invested in bonds at the top of the market. As interest rates rose higher and bond prices declined, SVB started taking major losses on their long-term bond holdings.
Losses Fueling a Liquidity Crunch
When SVB reported its fourth quarter results in early 2023, Moody’s Investor Service, a credit rating agency took notice. In early March, it said that SVB was at high risk for a downgrade due to its significant unrealized losses. In response, SVB looked to sell $2 billion of its investments at a loss to help boost liquidity for its struggling balance sheet. Soon, more hedge funds and venture investors realized SVB could be on thin ice. Depositors withdrew funds in droves, spurring a liquidity squeeze and prompting California regulators and the FDIC to step in and shut down the bank.
What Happens Now?
While much of SVB’s activity was focused on the tech sector, the bank’s shocking collapse has rattled a financial sector that is already on edge.
The four biggest U.S. banks lost a combined $52 billion the day before the SVB collapse. On Friday, other banking stocks saw double-digit drops, including Signature Bank (-23%), First Republic (-15%), and Silvergate Capital (-11%).
Source: Morningstar Direct. *Represents March 9 data, trading halted on March 10.
When the dust settles, it’s hard to predict the ripple effects that will emerge from this dramatic event. For investors, the Secretary of the Treasury Janet Yellen announced confidence in the banking system remaining resilient, noting that regulators have the proper tools in response to the issue.
But others have seen trouble brewing as far back as 2020 (or earlier) when commercial banking assets were skyrocketing and banks were buying bonds when rates were low.
